tl;dr: The EU's new Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), effective August 2026, requires sellers to register and pay EPR fees separately in each member state where their packaging becomes waste—potentially costing €1,150+/year just for four countries, regardless of sales volume. This disproportionately harms makers, artists, and micro-entrepreneurs who ship small quantities cross-border, making it more economical to sell to the US than to neighboring EU countries. Proposed fixes include an EU-wide de minimis exemption, a centralized One Stop Shop portal, or letting marketplaces file collectively on behalf of their sellers.